3100 (?) - Narmer, unifies Upper and Lower Egypt under his rule, and inaugurates Pharaonic dynasties.

2650 (?) - Djoser builds the first pyramid.

The Pyramids

2600 (?) - The great pyramid builders.

2184 - Fall of Old Kingdom by the death of Pepi II and the country plunges into the First Intermediate Period.

1570 - Ahmose I finishes expulsion of Hyksos, ends the Second Intermediate Period, and inaugurates the Middle Kingdom.

1483 - Queen Hatshepsut dies, succeeded by her stepson Thutmose II who later leads one of most successful campaigns in Asia.

1350 - Akhenaten, who found the monotheistic cult of Aten, ascends throne.

1325 - Death of Tutankhamun, the famous king whose tomb was fond intact in the Valley of the Kings.

1278 - Death of Seti I, one of the great Pharaoh builders and military campaigners.

Ramesses II Pharaoh Triumphant

1279 - 19th Dynasty Ramesses II, the mightiest of Egyptian kings, acceds to power, rules for 67 prosperous years.

1069 - The Third Intermediate Period begins. Amun Priests split the country.

925 - Sheshonq, king of Egypt, marches into Palestine, defeats kingdoms of Judah and Israel.

664 - Assyrians take over Memphis and practice an overlordship of Egypt.

525 - Persian King Cambyses conquers Egypt.

343 - Egypt falls to the second Persian invasion. The last Pharaoh, Nectanebo II, falls.

Alexander conquers Egypt

332 - Alexander the Great enters Egypt and found Alexandria.

305 - Ptolemy I becomes Egypt's line to become the first of the Ptolemies family line.

30 B.C. - Anthony and Cleopatra VII commit suicide by a cobra snakebite, Egypt falls to Roman Empire.

67 A.D. - Saint Mark, the evangelist who brought Christianity to Egypt, martyrs in Alexandria.

251 - Birth of Saint Anthony, the founder of monasticism.

284 - Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome. His era saw one of greatest persecutions of Christians. Many Egyptian martyrs fall.

292 - Birth of Saint Pachomious, the founder of cenobitic monasticism

306 - Constantine the Great, the first Roman Christian emperor, ascends throne granting religious rights to citizens of the empire, including Egypt, at 313.

451 - The Church of Alexandria proclaimed heretic by the Council of Chalcedon, dividing Christianity in the Mediterranean.

619 - Persians invade Egypt for a short period of 10 years.

Arabs take Egypt

641 - Egypt falls to the Arabs led by commander Amr Ibn El-Ãs, ending the Byzantine presence in Egypt.

750 - Abbasid General Saleh seizes city of Al-Fustat, then capital of Egypt, ending the control of Ummayad dynasty.

868 - Ahmed ibn Tulun founds Tulunid dynasty.

935 - Mohamed ibn Toghg Al-Ikhshid founds the Ikhshidid rule.

969 - General Gawhar Al-Sekelli commands the Fatimid invasion of Egypt and founds Cairo after defeating the Ikhshidids.

970 - Fatimids found the great mosque of Al-Azhar.

996 - Fatimid Caliph Al-Aziz dies, succeeded by his 11-year old son, Al-Hakim, the so-called Mad Caliph.

1005 - Al-Hakim founds the Wisdom House (Beit Al-Hekma), as a center for learning science and theology.

1007 - A severe famine that hit Egypt.

1017 - Al-Hakim is claimed to be an incarnation of god by his vizier Darazi.

1021 - Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim disappears.

1118 - Crusaders launch their first yet unsuccessful attack on Egypt.

Saladdin An Islamic hero

1171 - End of Shi'ite Fatimid rule by the death of the last Caliph. Few years later Saladin takes control and restores the Sunni faith.

1187 - Famous battle of Hittin. Saladin seizes Jerusalem and many provinces from Crusaders.

1192 - Peace treaty between Saladin and Crusaders recognizes his gains and leave some a coastal strip of land for crusaders.

1193 - Saladin dies of fever at 55 years old.

1250 - After the death of Ayyubid Sultan Al-Saleh, his wife Shagaret Al-Dorr succeeds to defeat the invading troops of crusaders.

1250 - Shagaret El-Dorr ascends power to be the first and only female ruler in Egypt's Islamic history for only 80 days before she marries a Mamluk. Her rule marks the beginning of a new era of Mamluk rule.

1257 - Shagaret El-Dorr has her husband Aybak killed. She, herself, gets killed by Aybak's fellow Mamluks.

1258 - Monguls led by Hulegu destroy Baghdad, kill the caliph and end the Abbasid caliphate on their way to fight Mamluks of Egypt.

1260 - Mamluk Sultan Qutuz defeats Monguls in the famous battle of Ain Galout. Qutuz killed the same year by Baybars.

1272 - Baybars engage in a peace treaty with Crusaders.

1279 - Death of Baybars, one of the greatest Mamluk fighters.

1291 - Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil attacks Acre, ending the presence of Crusaders in the Holy Land.

1348 - The Black Death hits Egypt, decimating much of the population.

1382 - A Mamluk named Barquq seizes throne to inaugurate a new era of rule shifting power from Bahari Mamluks to Burgi Mamluks.

1488 - Route of Cape of Good Hope discovered, Egypt start to loose tolls levied on convoys passing through Egyptian lands.

1516 - Marj Dabek battle near Aleppo between Ottoman and Mamluk armies, Mamluks gravely defeated and their commander Sutlan El-Gouri dies in the battle.

1517 - Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim invades Egypt and hangs Mamluk Sultan Tuman Bey II, annexing Egypt to the Ottoman Empire.

1522 - Khair Bey, a Mamluk traitor, appointed first governor of Egypt.

1768 - Attempt of independence from Ottoman control by Ali Bey the Elder.

Napoleon invades Egypt

1798 - Napoleon Bonaparte invades Egypt, British Admiral Nelson sinks the French fleet anchored in Abu Kir bay.

1801 March - French troops evacuate from Egypt ending the French expedition.

1805 - Mohamed Ali, father of modern Egypt, installed as wali of Egypt.

1807 - Britain launches unsuccessful attack against Egypt.

1811 - Mohamed Ali eliminates threat of Mamluks, slaughtering 470 in the Citadel.

1818 - Ibrahim Pacha, son of Mohamed Ali, defeats Wahhabi movement in the Arabian Peninsula and seizes most of Arabia.

Republic declared

Mohamed Ali Modernizer of Egypt

1831 - Mohamed Ali begins military campaign directed against the Ottoman Porte.

1841 - "Treaty of London" clinched between Western powers, provinces taken away from Mohamed Ali control.

1848 - Abbas succeeds his grandfather, Mohamed Ali, as ruler, and one year later Mohamed Ali dies.

1863 - Said Pacha who ruled since 1854 dies, succeeded by Ismail.

1867 - Title of Egypt's viceroy changes to "Khedive," a Persian word means ruler.

1869 - Suez Canal inaugurated in a splendid ceremony.

1879 June - Ottoman Sultan deposes Khedive Ismail, his son Tawfik replaces him in post.

1882 11 July - British fleet bombards Alexandria.

1882 14 September - Cairo falls to the British occupation, one day after the defeat of nationalist Ahmed Orabi in El-Tal El-Kebir battle.

Six-day war

1892 - Khedive Tawfik dies, succeeded by his son Abbas II Helmy.

1906 - Dinshway incident happen, provokes anger of nationalists, especially Mustafa Kamel.

1908 - Mustafa Kamel, famous Egyptian nationalist, dies of tuberculosis, after forming the Nationalist Party a year earlier.

1914 - Britain overthrows Khedive Abbas Helmy and installs his uncle Hussein Kamel in preparations for the World War I.

1917 - King Fuad comes to power after the death of his brother Sultan Hussein.

Yom Kippur

1919 March - People revolt over deportation of famous nationalist Saad Zagloul.

1922 - Egypt gains independence from Britain.

1936 April - King Fuad dies and succeeded by his son Farouk.

1948 - Arab countries led by Egypt attack newly born state of Israel, suffering defeat.

1952 July - Coup d'état by Free Officers deposing King Farouk.

Sadat assassinated

1953 June - Egypt proclaimed republic.

1954 - British forces start to evacuate Egypt.

Gamal Abdel Nasser

1956 - Nasser becomes president and nationalizes Suez Canal to raise funds for the High Dam..

1956 October - Britain, France and Israel launch the Tripartite invasion in retaliation over Nasser's Suez Canal nationalization.

1967 6 June - Israel launches the Six-Day war, seizing Sinai, West Bank, Gaza and Golan Heights.

1970 September - President Nasser dies, succeeded by Sadat.

1973 6 October - Egypt and Syria launch a surprise attack against Israel.

1976 June - Formation of political party introduced.

1979 March - Camp David peace accord clinched between Egypt and Israel..

1981 6 October - Sadat assassinated by terrorists.

1981 October - Mubarak elected president by a referendum..

1995 - Mubarak escapes an assassination attempt by fundamentalists in Addis Ababa.